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Gadus morhua
Diagnosis
The various races reach different sizes, the oceanic cod often reaches 1 m and is known to attain a length of 2 m. Local races have smaller fish (Cohen & al., 1990).
Diagnosis_Genus: Gadus Linnaeus (1758). Caput laeve. Membrana branchiostega rad. VII teretibus. Corpus oblongum squamis deciduis. Pinnae omnes cute communi vestitae: dorsales anique plures: radiis muticis. Pectorales in acumen attenuatae.
Diagnosis_Species: Gadus Morhua, Linnaeus (1758). G. tripterygius cirratus, cauda subaequali, radio primo anali spinoso. Fn. svec. 295. Art. syn. 35. Gadus dorso tripterygio, ore cirrato, cauda aequali sere cum radio primo spinoso. It. Wgoth. 176. Gadus Kabbeljä. D.15,20,16.P.20.V.6.A.21,16.C. -- Habitat in Oceano Europaeo. Ova quotannis 9344000 ponit. Leuwenh.
Species description (Cohen & al., 1990): Head relatively narrow, interorbital space 15 to 22% of head length. Predorsal distance less than about 33% of length; Colour : variable, brownish to greenish or grey dorsally and on upper side, pale ventrally. Peritoneum silvery.
Body_juveniles_length: 20-70 cm
Body_adults_length: 70 cm
Body_adults_length_max: 180 cm
Weight_adults: 40 kg
Weight_adults_max: 96 kg
Sequence_12s: KC980992, NC002081 (Francisco & al., 2014)
Sequence_16s: NC002081, AM489716 (Francisco & al., 2014)
Sequence_cytb: NC002081, DQ174045, DQ174046 (Francisco & al., 2014)
Sequence_rhodopsin: EF439113, EF439114 (Francisco & al., 2014)
Etymology
Gadus morhua: greek, gados = fish, morhua = cod
Type species
The type species of the genus Gadus is Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758).
Ecology
Substrate: water
Sociability: gregarious (Cohen & al., 1990)
Salinity: marine
Salinity: brackish
Temperature: 0-20 °C (Cohen & al., 1990)
Salinity_larvae: 32-33 ppt
Salinity_juveniles: 30-35 ppt
Salinity_adults: <2.3 ppt
Temperature_eggs: 2-12 °C
Temperature_larvae: 4-12 °C
Temperature_juveniles: 6-20 °C
Temperature_adults: <10 °C
source: (Fahay & al. 1999)
Migratory: small cod are relatively stationary, individuals or groups may perform long migrations, up to 1000 km (Cohen & al., 1990).
Causality of migration: Trophic migration (Cohen & al., 1990)
Causality of migration: Sexual reproduction (Cohen & al., 1990)
Temporality of migration: Seasonal (Cohen & al., 1990)
Habitat: Coastal (Cohen & al., 1990)
Habitat: Oceanic (Cohen & al., 1990)
Habitat: Freshwater (Lurman & al., 2009)
Habitat: Cape Hatteras to Ungava Bay along the North American coast; east and west coasts of Greenland, extending for variable distances to the north, depending upon climate trends; around Iceland; coasts of Europe from the Bay of Biscay to the Barents Sea, including the region around Bear Island (Cohen & al., 1990).
Depth_min: 0 m (Cohen & al., 1990).
Depth_max: 600 m (Cohen & al., 1990).
Depth_mean: 150-200 m (Cohen & al., 1990).
Life cycle
Longevity: more than 3 years
Generation_time: more than 3 years
Reproduction_mode: sexual
Fecondity_number_of_eggs_per_adult: about 1000000 eggs per female
Fertility period: Seasonal (during winter) and/or Seasonal (during spring) depending on North Atlantic subpopulations
Spawning method: External fertilization in the water column
source: Cohen & al. (1990)
Feeding behaviour
Mode of locomotion
Original description
Reference(s)
Attached phylogeny
Observation site(s)
SYMBIONTS
| Association with... | Region origin | Name of site | In reference... |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ichthyodinium chabelardi | island of Bornholm |
(2010) Ribosomal RNA gene sequences confirm that protistan endoparasite of larval cod Gadus morhua is Ichthyodinium sp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 88:161 - 167. doi: 10.3354/dao02156 |
|
| Ichthyodinium chabelardi | island of Bornholm |
(1994) A protistan endoparasite in embryos and yolk-sac larvae of cod Gadus morhua and turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Disease of aquatice organisms 19:39-46. |
