Similiparma lurida

Super Group: 
Opisthokonta
Phylum: 
Chordata
Sub-Phylum: 
Vertebrata
Class: 
Actinopteri
Order: 
Perciformes
Sub-Order: 
Labroidei
Family: 
Pomacentridae
Genus: 
Similiparma
Species: 
lurida
Authority: 
Cuvier 1830
Synonym(s): 
Glyphisodon luridus (Cuvier 1830)
Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier 1830)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis_Genus: Similiparma Hensley. A genus of Pomacentrinae with the following combination of characters: Dorsal-fin spines XIII. Transverse scale rows 30-32; upper lateral-line scales 22-24; scales between lateral line and base of last dorsal-fin spine 2-3; no accessory scales posterior to head region. Gill rakers 4-6 + 12-13, totalling 16-18. Preopercular margin smooth; margin of suborbital series free from cheek. Teeth uniserial, fixed, incisiform, with entire margins at all sizes. No exposed spiniform procurrent caudal-fin rays. Pectoral-fin membrane deeply incised between lowermost rays. No prominent bump in nuchal region of head. Body depth into SL 1.8-1.9.

Diagnosis_Species: Reassignment of Abudefduf luridus to Similiparma lurida COOPER. A species of damselfish (family Pomacentridae) in the genus Similiparma with the following combination of characters: scales relatively large (approximately 31 in longitudinal series from upper edge of gill opening to caudal base); body depth into standard length (2.0–2.1); skin over the lacrimal (i.e., preorbital) scaleless with many lateral line pores; remainder of circumorbital (suborbital) bonesoverlaid with scales; suborbital without spines; margin of circumorbital series, preopercle, and interopercle smooth; skin overlaying the interopercle scaleless with several lateral line pores; preopercle scaled; the opercle serrate; the preopercle, interopercle, and subpercle not serrate; no exposed spiniform procurrent caudal-fin rays; teeth uniserial, fixed, and incisiform; caudal fin lobed; upper and lower pharyngeal jaws with caniniform teeth (see Fig. 7); dorsalfin spines (XIII); dorsal-fin rays (16–17); anal-fin spines (2); anal-fin rays (13–14); pectoral-fin rays (20); lateral line scales (20–22); gill rakers on first branchial arch (13–16). Dorsal spines XIII, 16–17; anal spines II, 13–14; pectoral rays 20; gill rakers on first branchial arch 13–16; lateral line scales 20–22; scales above lateral-line to base of middle dorsal spines 3K; scales below lateral line to anus 12. Body depth into standard length 2.0–2.1. Eye diameter approximately one fourth of total head length in adults. Moderately rounded head profile (a circle periphery fitted to the craniofacial profile has 8.8 times the diameter of a circle fitted to the periphery of the eye. This is a much more rounded craniofacial profile than that of its close relative Similiparma hermani, for which a circle periphery fitted to the craniofacial profile has 13.9 times the diameter of a circle fitted to the periphery of the eye. When scaled to the same head size, then a circle periphery fitted to the craniofacial profile of S. hermani has,1.6 times the diameter of a circle periphery fitted to the craniofacial profile of S. lurida. Supraoccipital crest deflected more posteriorly than in S. hermani. Ascending process of the premaxilla approximately equal to the length of the dentigerous process. Overall dark brown with a bright blue axial spot and highlights of bright blue along the pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins, and also around the mouth, eye, and elsewhere on the head.

Body_Adults_length_mean: 93.8 mm
Body_Adults_length: 95.7-100.6 mm
Body_egg_length: 1.09-1.15 mm (Ré, 1980)
Body_egg_length_mean: 1.11 mm (Ré, 1980)
Body_larvae_newly_hatched_length: 2.95-3.15 mm (Ré, 1980)
Body_larvae_newly_hatched_length_mean: 3.07 mm (Ré, 1980)
Sequence_2AL2: AF208493 (Carvalho et al., 2000)
Sequence_2AL5: AF209036 (Carvalho et al., 2000)
Sequence_2AL10: AF209037 (Carvalho et al., 2000)
Sequence_2AL13: AF209038 (Carvalho et al., 2000)
Sequence_2AL15: AF209039 (Carvalho et al., 2000)
Sequence_2AL24: AF209040 (Carvalho et al., 2000)
Sequence_AL34: AF209041 (Carvalho et al., 2000)

Etymology

From the Latin "similis" (like, ressembling) in reference to the resemblance to species of Parma.

Type species

The type species of the genus Similiparma is Similiparma hermani (Steindachner, 1887).

Type illustration / Type locality / Type specimen

 

Ecology

Similiparma lurida is a non migratory species (Fishbase).
Similiparma lurida was typically associated with rocky outcrops or boulder strewn areas. Individuals were seldom seen close to vertical cliff faces, above large areas of flat horizontal rock, or over sand, and we assume that such places did not provide sufficient shelter or suitable breeding sites. Abudefduf luridus was seen at all depths from 3 to 35 my although it wasparticularly abundant in the 5 to 20 m zone. It was not found in the surf zone. Similiparma lurida is a non-shoaling, non-aggregating species, living dispersed amongst rocks (Mapstone and Wood, 1975).

Similiparma lurida inhabits the near-shore rocky reefs of the Macaronesian islands (i.e., the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde archipelago, Madeira, and the Savage Islands) and the nearby coast of Senegal (Cooper et al. 2014).

Substrate: water
Salinity: marine
Sociability_adults: solitary
Depth: 3-35 m (Mapstone & Wood, 1975; Ré, 1980)
Depth_eggs: demersal (Ré, 1980)
Habitat: coastal
Oxygen_level: oxic
Temperature: 18-20°C

Life cycle

Breeding (of Abudefduf luridus) occurred during August and probably extended into September, but we do not know when it commenced (Mapstone & Wood 1975).

Reproduction_mode: sexual (oviparous)
Fertility_period: seasonal (during summer) (April to September in Azores region) (Afonso & Santos, 2005)
Spawning_method: external fertilization in the water column
 

Feeding behaviour

Omnivorous

Mode of locomotion

Motility: motile_swimming

Reference(s)

Observation site(s)

SYMBIONTS

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Association with... Region origin Name of site In reference...
Amyloodinium ocellatum Aquarium Zoological Society of London