Karlodinium veneficum
Diagnosis
Diagnoses_Species: Karlodinium veneficum J. Larsen. Unarmoured dinoflagellates with chloroplasts containing internal, lenticular pyrenoids and fucoxanthin of fucoxanthin derivatives as main accessory pigments. Amphiesma with arrayw of pluglike structures in a hexagonal configuration. Apical groove straight, ventral pore present. Produces karlotoxin, an agent responsible for fish kills ( Bachvaroff et al. 2009: 145, citing Deeds et al. 2002, 2006, Kempton et al. 2002).
Bloom: Yes
Toxicity: Yes (Karlotoxin)
Pigment: Fucoxanthin
Etymology
Karlodinium: named after Karl Tangen, who isolated the type culture.
Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Karlodinium is Karlodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) J.Larsen.
Type illustration / Type locality / Type specimen
Type locality: Hamoaze, over Rubble Bank, off King William Point, South Yard, Devonport, England (Bergholtz et al 2006: 189).
Ecology
Substrate: planktonic
Sociability: solitary
Salinity: marine
pH: neutral
Feeding: Photosynthetic
Life cycle
Phases_alternance: haplontic
Generation: <1 month
Reproduction_mode: asexual_binary
Feeding behaviour
Mode of locomotion
Attached phylogeny
Observation site(s)
SYMBIONTS
Association with... | Region origin | Name of site | In reference... |
---|---|---|---|
Amoebophrya ceratii-Clade-1 | Chesapeake Bay - Rhode river | “Multiple strains of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya exist in Chesapeake Bay.”, J Eukaryot Microbiol, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 469-74, 2002. | ,