Syndinium vernale

Super Group: 
Alveolata
Phylum: 
Dinophyta
Class: 
Syndinea
Order: 
Syndiniales
Genus: 
Syndinium
Species: 
vernale
Authority: 
Hovasse 1923

Diagnosis

Diagnosis_Genus: These parasites were initially confounded with a putative formation of anisospores during sexual reproduction of radiolarian by Hertwig 1879 and Brandt 1885. Chatton 1923 erected a new genus (Merodinium) for all Syndinium-like parasites infesting radiolarian, then separating parasites of copepods  from the ones infecting radiolarian. This separation is based on the mode of infection (intracellular in Merodinium and in the general cavity of copepods), by the earlier fragmentation of the plasmodium in Merodinium, and the shape of their spores (fusiform in Syndinium and piriform for Merodinium). Hollande and Enjumet 1953 kept the genus name Syndinium for all parasites of radiolarian located inside the capusle, and reserved the genus name of Merodinium for all extracapsular parasites. Merodinium and Syndinium were considered as synonymous two years after by Hollande and Enjumet 1955. Delineation of these two genera, if valid, needs to be more studied. Species were mainly separated based upon the identity of their host species.
Diagnosis_Species: S. vernale Hovasse 1923. Intra and extracapsular parasite of Collozoum inerme. First stage piriform, uninucleated. Young trophonts intracapsular, plasmodium with 2-4 nuclei. Then sporogenesis starts outside the capsule by the production of macrospores. Microspores derive from other sporonts that remained inside the capsule. V-shaped chromosomes (5 in total). Detected only during spring. This species may be synonymous to S. belari (Holande and Enjumet 1953). These authors considered extra and intra-capsular parasites of Collouzoum fulvum as separated species (S. belari and S. globiforme, respectively).

 

Type illustration / Type locality / Type specimen

Type host: Collozoum inerme
Type locality: Villefranche-sur-mer and Marseille

Ecology

Substrate: endozoic
Salinity: marine

Life cycle

Phases_alternance: haplontic
Generation: <1 month
Reproduction_mode: asexual
Symbiont: horizontal

Feeding behaviour

Parasitism
Osmotrophy

Mode of locomotion

Flagellum_spore:2

Observation site(s)

HOSTS

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Association with... Region origin Name of site In reference...
Collozoum inerme Villefranche-sur-mer