Phalacroma rotundatum

Super Group: 
Alveolata
Phylum: 
Dinophyta
Class: 
Dinophyceae
Order: 
Dinophysiales
Family: 
Dinophysaceae
Genus: 
Phalacroma
Species: 
rotundatum
Authority: 
(Claparéde & Lachmann) Kofoid & Michener 1911
Synonym(s): 
Dinophysis rotundata Claparède & Lachmann
Prodinophysis rotundata (Claparède & Lachmann) Balech
Prodinophysis rotundatum (Claparéde & Lachmann) Balech 1944

Diagnosis

Diagnoses_Genus: Phalacroma (Stein 1883, emended Jensen and Duagbjerg 2009). Small to medium sized cells. Cell outline is typically circular to ellipsoid and can be tapered posteriorly. Cells are more or less laterally depressed. Epitheca is large but <¼ of the cell length. It is visible above the cingular lists, and flattened to convex in outline. Cingular lists are narrow and horizontal and can possess ribs. Left sulcal list typically widens posteriorly and always possesses three distinct ribs. Thecal ornamentation is of different types, from smooth with scattered pores to deep and strongly areolated. Cytoplasm is colorless, pink or yellow-brown. Chloroplasts of haptophyte origin are observed in a few species.

Etymology

Adjective (Latin), almost circular, with length breadth ratio of about 6 to 5 (Stearn 1973).

Type species

The type species (lectotype) of the genus Phalacroma is Phalacroma porodictyum Stein.

Type illustration / Type locality / Type specimen

Type locality: North Sea: Glesnesholm, Norway (Faust & Gulledge 2002: 32).

Ecology

Substrate: planktonic
Sociability: solitary
Salinity: marine
pH: neutral

Feeding: Photosynthetic

Life cycle

Phases_alternance: haplontic
Generation: <1 month

Reproduction_mode: asexual_binary

Feeding behaviour

Photosynthetic

Mode of locomotion

Two flagella typical for Dinophyceae
Flagellum: 2
Motility: motile_swimming

Attached phylogeny

Observation site(s)

SYMBIONTS

Displaying 1 - 5 of 5
Association with... Region origin Name of site In reference...
Amoebophrya ceratii-Clade-4 Reloncaví Fjord
Amoebophrya ceratii-Clade-4 Reloncaví Fjord
Amoebophrya ceratii-Clade-4 Reloncaví Fjord
Amoebophrya ceratii-Clade-4 Reloncaví Fjord
Amoebophrya ceratii-Clade-4 Reloncaví Fjord