Chloroscombrus chrysurus

Super Group: 
Opisthokonta
Phylum: 
Chordata
Sub-Phylum: 
Vertebrata
Class: 
Actinopteri
Order: 
Perciformes
Sub-Order: 
Percoidei
Family: 
Carangidae
Genus: 
Chloroscombrus
Species: 
chrysurus
Authority: 
Linnaeus 1766
Synonym(s): 
Scomber chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Micropterus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Scomber chloris (Bloch, 1793)
Seriola cosmopolita (Cuvier, 1829)
Chloroscombrus caribbaeus (Girard, 1858)
Chloroscombrus ectenurus (Jordan & Osgood, 1897)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis_Genus: Chloroscombrus Girard. Elongated and narrow patches of velvet-like teeth on the jaws, vomer and palatine bones. Tongue smooth. Mouth rather small and slightly protractile; its gape being oblique and the tip of the lower jaw projecting in front of the upper. Body rather short and deep, scaly; lateral line unarmed, that is not shielded. Pectoral fins falciform. Two small spines in advance of the anla fin; ventrals very small. A small, horizontal spine directed forwards, in advance of the first dorsal. To this genus belongs Seriola cosmopolita Cuv., Val., to which the following one is closely related.

Diagnosis_Species: Scomber chrysurus Linnaeus. S. pinnulis unitis luteis, D. 9, 26. P. I9. V. 6. A. 2/30. C. 22. ore edentulo. D. 8, 29. P. I6. V. 5. A. 2/30. C. 22. Habitat in Carolina. D. Garden. Yellowtaill. Spinae ante analem spatio remotae.
 
Body_adults_length: 13 cm
Body_maximum_length: 27 cm
Body_length_male_maturity: 9.8 cm (Guinea-Bissau/ Bijagos)
Body_length_female_maturity: 11 cm(Guinea-Bissau/ Bijagos), 10 cm (Guinea-Bissau/ Rio Grande de Buba), 14.9 cm (Senegal/ Sine-Saloum Estuary)
Body_length_unsexed_maturity: 11.5 cm (Brazil/ Southern and southeastern regions), 15.4 cm (Brazil/ southeastern coast)
Max_weight: 280-300 g

Etymology

Chloroscombrus: Greek, chloros = green + Greek, skombros = the name of several fishes, a mackere.

Type species

The type species of the genus Chloroscombrus is Micropteryx cosmopolita (Agassiz 1829) (Animalbase).
 

Type illustration / Type locality / Type specimen

Type Locality: Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.].

Ecology

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Florida, USA and Bermuda to Uruguay; throughout Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico; Bahamas, Antilles, along Central and South American coasts to Uruguay. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola. Replaced by Chloroscombrus orqueta in eastern Pacific. These two species have not been adequately studied and may prove to be conspecific.
Substrate: water
Salinity: marine
Temperature: 21-27°C
Migratory: Yes. oceanodromous
Causality_of_migration: sexual reproduction
Temporality_of_migration: seasonal (during winter) (da Costa et al. 2005)

Life cycle

Adults are found over soft bottoms of the continental shelf; sometimes forming schools near the surface. Marine pelagic species very common in coastal lagoons and estuaries. They feed on fish, cephalopods, zooplankton and detritus. Juveniles common in brackish estuaries and often associated with jellyfish. Marketed fresh and salted.
Generation_time: 1 to 3 years
Fertility_ period: Seasonal (During autumn) (September-October, Brazil, Ceará)
Spawning_method: Fertilization in the water column

Feeding behaviour

Omnivorous
Herbivorous

Mode of locomotion

Motility: motile_swimming

Reference(s)

Observation site(s)

SYMBIONTS

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Association with... Region origin Name of site In reference...
Amyloodinium ocellatum Gulf Coast Research Laboratory